Common Core State Standards have been developed and adopted for Language Arts and Mathematics. 46 states are currently implementing these new Standards in an effort to have more consistency between different parts of the country. Standards for science and Social Studies are in the works but for now, we are following the goals set by Michigan in the Grade Level Content Expectations. The links below will give you details!
Language arts and math goals can be found here: http://www.corestandards.org/
Click the link and then scroll down. Within each subject area you can find specific goals for first and second grades.
first grade social studies GLCEs: http://www.michigan.gov/documents/mde/1stgradeSSGLCE_229665_7.pdf
second grade social studies GLCEs: http://www.michigan.gov/documents/mde/2ndgradeSSGLCE_229666_7.pdf
first grade science GLCEs: http://www.michigan.gov/documents/mde/1-Science_COMPLETE_12-11-07_218316_7.pdf
second grade science GLCEs: http://www.michigan.gov/documents/mde/2-Science_COMPLETE_12-10-07_218317_7.pdf